ANA Analysis and Comparison Chart
Analysis and Comparison of Advanced Practice Recognition with Medicaid Reimbursement and Insurance Reimbursement Laws 2000 Chart

last updated 5/01/00



State Recognition of Advanced Practice Recognition of Clinical Nurse Specialists Prescriptive Authority* Medicaid Recognition
by Statute		 Medicaid Recognition
Through Regulations		 Private Reimbursement Laws
Alabama Yes Yes Yes, NP, CNM   FNP, PNP, NeonP CRNA's Specialty Practice
Alaska Yes(1) No Yes (NP, CRNA) No No NMW, NP
Arizona Yes Yes Yes (NP) Yes NP RN, NP
Arkansas Yes Yes Yes (NP, CNS) No CNMS, FNP, PNPS No(2)
California Yes Yes(3) Yes (NP) No(4) No PMHS, CNMW(5)
Colorado Yes(6) Yes Yes (NP, CNS, CNM, CRNA) FNP, NA, PNP, NP, NMW No LPN, RPN
Connecticut Yes Yes Yes (NP, CNM, CNS, CRNA) No No NP, CNS, CNMW
Delaware Yes Yes Yes (APN, CNS, NP) No(7) No CNMW, APN
District of Columbia Yes Yes Yes (NP, CNM, CRNA, CNS) NP, CNM NP, CNM Yes(8)
Florida Yes Yes Yes (ARNP, NP, CNS) NMW, NP No RN
Georgia Yes Yes Yes (NP) FNP, PNP No No
Guam No No Yes (NP) Not known Not known Not known
State Recognition of Advanced Practice Recognition of Clinical Nurse Specialists Prescriptive Authority* Medicaid Recognition
by Statute		 Medicaid Recognition
Through Regulations		 Private Reimbursement Laws
Hawaii Yes(9) No Yes Yes(10) No Yes
Idaho Yes No Yes (NP) NP No RN
Illinois No No No "Practitioners" incl. nurses No No
Indiana Yes Yes Yes (NP, CNS) No No No
Iowa Yes No Yes (ARNP) No No RN services
Kansas Yes Yes Yes (NP, CNS) No NP 80% ARNP (11)
Kentucky Yes Yes Yes (ARNP, NP, CNM, CNS, CRNA)(12) Yes: RN, NP,
ML Practitioner		 No Direct payment for nursing services at option of insurer
Louisiana Yes Yes Yes (CNM, NP, CNS) No FNP, PNP, CNMW, CRNA No
Maine Yes Yes Yes (NP, CNM) No FNP, PNP, CNMW CNS, RNs w/home health visits
State Recognition of Advanced Practice Recognition of Clinical Nurse Specialists Prescriptive Authority* Medicaid Recognition
by Statute		 Medicaid Recognition
Through Regulations		 Private Reimbursement Laws
Maryland Yes Yes** Yes (NP) Not known Not known NMW, CNP, CRNA
Massachusetts Yes Yes(13)*** Yes (NP, CNS) Licensed practitioners FNP, PNP PMH-CNS; CNMW
Michigan Yes(14) Yes Yes (NP) CNMS, FNP, PNP Yes No
Minnesota Yes Yes Yes (NP, CNS) No FNP, PNP, GNP, ANP,
OB-GYN NP 		NMW, CRNA, NP, CNS Advanced nurse practitioners
Mississippi Yes No Yes (NP) CRNA, NP, FNP, PNP, NMW, NeonNP, OB-GYN NP No NP
Missouri Yes Yes Yes (APN) No No No
Montana Yes Yes Yes (Nurse Specialist) Nurse Specialist No Nurse Specialist
Nebraska Yes Yes Yes (ARNP, CNM, CNS, CRNA) Yes(15) No No
Nevada Yes Yes Yes (APN, CS) Yes No RN
State Recognition of Advanced Practice Recognition of Clinical Nurse Specialists Prescriptive Authority* Medicaid Recognition
by Statute		 Medicaid Recognition
Through Regulations		 Private Reimbursement Laws
New Hampshire Yes Yes(16) Yes (NP) No NP RNP
New Jersey Yes Yes Yes (NP, CNS) Yes FNP, PNP NMW, RN
New Mexico Yes Yes Yes (NP, CNS) No FNP, PNP NMW, CNP, CRNA, CNS
New York Yes No Yes (NP, CNM) RN, LPN, NMW, NP NP NMW, RN
North Carolina Yes(17) Yes Yes (NP) Yes(18) NP No
North Dakota Yes Yes Yes (ARNP: NP, CNS, CNM) No No All APNS, Psychiatric/MH(19) Nurses, RN
Ohio Yes(20) Yes(21) Yes No NMW NMW
Oklahoma Yes Yes Yes (CNM, CNS, NP)     No(22)
Oregon Yes No Yes (NP) No No NP
Pennsylvania Yes Yes(23) Yes(24) (CNM, CRNA, NP) Yes CRNP NMW, CRNA, CCHN, CPMH and CCNS
State Recognition of Advanced Practice Recognition of Clinical Nurse Specialists Prescriptive Authority* Medicaid Recognition
by Statute		 Medicaid Recognition
Through Regulations		 Private Reimbursement Laws
Rhode Island Yes Yes(25) Yes (NP, CNS) Yes(26)   NMW, CNP, PMH-CNS NP, PMHN
South Carolina Yes Yes Yes (NP, CNS) Yes(27) FNP, PNP No
South Dakota Yes Yes Yes (CNP) No NP CRNA, PMHN
Tennessee Yes Yes Yes (NP: CNS, CNM, CRNA) RN, CRNA, CNMW No No
Texas Yes Yes Yes (ANP: NP, CNS, CNM, CRNA) No FNP, PNP, CNMW, CRNA No
Utah Yes Yes Yes (ARNP) No PNP/FNP Yes(28)
Vermont Yes No Yes (NP, APRN) No FNP, PNP Yes(29)
Virgin Islands(30) Yes* Yes Yes (CNS, NP)      
Virginia Yes Yes Yes (NP, CNS) NP No CNS
Washington Yes No Yes (NP) No NP Yes(31)
West Virginia Yes No Yes (NP, CNW) NMW, PNP, FNP No RN, NMW, NP
Wisconsin Yes Yes(32) Yes (NP, CNM, CRNA, CNS)     Yes
Wyoming Yes Yes Yes (NP, CNS) APN   Yes(33)


1. CRNA recognized by statute.

2. House bill enacted to study direct reimbursement; nurses included into any willing provider legislation. (April, 1995)

3. Allows CNS to get reimbursed under the Medi-Cal program when providing care at alternative birth centers.

4. Pilot Project; NPs reimbursed with MD supervision.

5. Case law reflects desire for parity of all professions.

6. 1994 law creates a registry for advanced practice.

7. No statute, but FNPS and PNPs receive Medicaid Reimbursement.

8. Reimbursement for all APNs under Drug Abuse, Alcohol Abuse and Mental Illness Insurance Coverage Act. (April, 1995)

9. Hawaii gives Medicaid recognition for CNMs, FNPs, and GNPs.

10. Medicaid demonstration project to reimburse NMW.

11. Reimburses for CNS.

12. BON promulgated regs; the BOM & BOP refuse to recognize, thus negating effectiveness of BON regs authorizing ARNP prescriptive practice.

13. Through rules.

14. Recognition as a result of Attorney General's opinion.

15. Vendors of health care services.

16. Recognition in regulations.

17. Advanced practice regulated through BOM.

18. Covers "other providers" of health-related services.

19. New legislation enacted in state to mandate reimbursement for all APNS.

20. Nurse midwives have permanent recognition; CNS, NPs under a demonstration project authorized by legislation, prescriptive authority through a demonstration project.

21. Nurse midwives have permanent recognition; CNS, NPs under a demonstration project authorized by legislation, prescriptive authority through a demonstration project.

22. Considering legislation.

23. Recognized in BON rules.

24. Have authority but the rules are not promulgated because of BOM resistance -- draft rules recently sent back to BOM for changes.

25. Recognized in mental health statutes.

26. Pays for visiting nurse services.

27. Defines "practitioner" as a physician or other health care professional licensed under state law to practice his profession.

28. All health care providers.

29. Licensed mental health professionals.

30. Recognize CNS as advanced practice.

31. For nursing services, "within legal scope of practice of nurse's license."

32. Differing educational requirements for CNS prescriptive authority per rulemaking.

33. All health care providers.

 ©Data compiled by Winifred Y. Carson, ANA Nurse Practice Counsel 
revised 5/1/00

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