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A pioneer in nursing research, Ellwynne Mae Vreeland served 23 years as a commissioned officer in the U.S. Public Health Service. She was instrumental in securing nearly $3.5 million under the Bolton Act to fund education for 10,000 graduate students in 57 colleges and universities nationwide. Her most outstanding achievement was the development and implementation of the first nationwide federal extramural research program for nursing. In 1962, she became chief of the Research and Resources Branch of the Division of Nursing, Public Health Service, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. During Vreeland's tenure with the Public Health Service, the emphasis of research shifted from nursing education, service, and manpower issues to studies of clinical nursing and its effect on patients. As early as 1968, she supported the establishment of a National Institute of Nursing in the National Institutes of Health. In 1966, two years before her retirement, she received the United States Public Health Service Medal. |
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